| Aqupharm Intravenous Fluid | 
Sterile solution for injection, used for dehydration and other conditions in all species.
| | | | |
|  | Customers who purchased these items also purchased |   | | Below is the product datasheet. This has been provided by the manufacturer and should always be provided with the medication. Introduction 
Company name: Animalcare Limited
Address: Common Road
Dunnington
York YO19 5RU
Telephone: 01904 487687
Fax: 01904 487611
Email: animalcare@animalcare.co.uk
Presentation
Aqupharm No. 18 is a sterile, preservative free solution for infusion, presented in a flexible pouch with a blue PVC closure containing:
Sodium Chloride 0.18% w/v
Glucose anhydrous (or Glucose monohydrate) 4% w/v (4.4% w/v)
Aqupharm No. 18 contains 30 millimoles of sodium, 30 millimoles of chloride and 150 calories(as glucose) per litre.
Uses
Aqupharm No.18 is an isotonic solution used in dogs and cats for maintenance therapy after the fluid balance has been restored. It can be used for the treatment of moderate/prolonged dehydration due to water loss, but in severe cases Aqupharm No.1 (Sodium Chloride Injection) should be given before continuing with Aqupharm No.18.
Dosage and administration
Aqupharm No.18 should be prewarmed to 37°C to prevent hypothermia.
Remove outer bag and protective giving set inlet tab. Push cannula fully into giving set. Prime giving set. Perform venepuncture and immediately attach giving set. Adjust infusion rate as required. Delivery is from a closed circuit, it does not need an air inlet.
Giving sets should be changed at least once every 24 hours.
The quantity of fluid and electrolyte for administration will consider existing deficits, maintenance needs and continuing losses.
The existing deficit is that which has been lost prior to examination. This must be estimated by evaluating the patient's history, making a physical examination and using laboratory aids.
Maintenance therapy is to replace normal losses occurring via urine, faeces, respiratory tract and skin. As a general rule maintenance therapy requires 50 mls/kg bodyweight/day. Continuing losses during a disease period should be estimated whenever possible, i.e. quantity of vomit, diarrhoea or blood loss.
The clinical response of the animal rather than formulae or equations should be used to guide fluid therapy. The intravenous route of administration is preferred. Indwelling venous catheters offer significant advantage in intravenous fluid therapy. Subcutaneous administration may be used for isotonic and non-irritating solutions.
The rate of administration should be considered with each individual patient. The aim should be to correct about half of the calculated deficit in the first 1-2 hours. As a general rule the following formula is the maximum satisfactory rate (less where cardiovascular or pulmonary disease exists).
Maximum rate = Body wt (kg) x 90 = mls fluid per hour.
This rate should be slowed after the first hour and considerably slowed if no urine flow is established. Signs of over rapid administration include restlessness, moist lung sounds, tachycardia, tachypnoea, nasal discharge, coughing, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Contra-indications, warnings, etc Contra-indications
Sodium overload may occur in cases with myocardial and renal damage. It should also be appreciated that in the period following surgical interference or severe trauma there may an inability to excrete excessive sodium.
Undesirable effects
Hypernatraemia(sodium overload) or an inability to excrete excessive sodium.
Thrombosis of a chosen vein is always a possibility with intravenous infusion. If infusion is protracted then another vein should be selected after 12-24 hours.
Precautions
For animal treatment only
In animals with potassium deficiency it may be necessary to give additional oral potassium supplements.
Overdose
Symptoms:Associated signs of hypernatraemia include pronounced thirst, dry mucous membranes, constipation, hyperpyrexia, CNS disturbances and ultimately convulsions. A plasma Na+ concentration of > 150 mEq/l and a urine specific gravity of > 1.030 indicates a hypernatraemic state.
Treatment of overdosage: Injection of a diuretic.
User Warning
Wash hands after use
Pharmaceutical precautions
Store below 25°C. Do not freeze.
Store out of reach of children.
Before use the bag should be inspected and rejected if the solution is not clear or if the inner container is damaged. This product does not contain an antimicrobial preservative. Single use only; any remaining solution should be discarded.
Drugs should not be mixed in infusion containers or giving sets unless the components are of known compatibility. The user should refer to the manufacturer's literature for any drug substance which he or she proposes to co-administer and also to the Appendix of Drug Incompatibilities in the current edition of the Veterinary Formulary. Aqupharm No.18 is known to be incompatible with Ampicillin, Benzylpenicillin sodium, Cloxacillin sodium, Heparin sodium, Noradrenaline acid tartrate and Tetracyclines.
Dispose of any unused product in accordance with guidance from your local waste regulation authority.
Legal category
POM-V
Packaging Quantities
500ml and 1000ml
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Further information
In evaluating an animal for possible fluid therapy the state of hydration, electrolyte balance, acid base balance, renal function and caloric balance should be considered. Evaluation will be based on history, physical examination and laboratory testing.
Marketing authorisation number
Vm 10347/4010.
Below is the product datasheet. This has been provided by the manufacturer and should always be provided with the medication. IntroductionPresentation Aqupharm No. 3 is a sterile preservative free solution for
infusion presented in a flexible pouch with a blue PVC closure
containing: Sodium chloride 0.9% w/v Glucose anhydrous (or Glucose monohydrate) 5.0% w/v (5.5% w/v) Aqupharm No. 3 contains 154 millimoles of sodium, 154 millimoles of chloride and 188 calories(as glucose) per litre. Uses Aqupharm No. 3 is used in dogs and cats for the treatment
of dehydration to correct water and electrolyte depletion where the
patient's carbohydrate store is considered to be depleted. It is also
indicated in the management of Addisonian crisis and urethral
obstruction. Dosage and administration Aqupharm No. 3 should be prewarmed to 37°C to prevent hypothermia. Remove outer bag and protective giving set inlet tab. Push
cannula fully into giving set. Prime giving set. Perform venepuncture
and immediately attach giving set. Adjust infusion rate as required.
Delivery is from a closed circuit, it does not need an air inlet. Giving sets should be changed at least once every 24 hours. The quantity of fluid and electrolyte for administration
will consider existing deficits, maintenance needs and continuing
losses. The existing deficit is that which has been lost prior to
examination. This must be estimated by evaluating the patient's history,
making a physical examination and using laboratory aids. Maintenance therapy is to replace normal losses occurring
via urine, faeces, respiratory tract and skin. As a general rule
maintenance therapy requires 50mls/kg bodyweight/day. Continuing losses
during a disease period should be estimated whenever possible, i.e.
quantity of vomit, diarrhoea or blood loss. The clinical response of the animal rather than formulae or
equations should be used to guide fluid therapy. For intravenous
administration only. Indwelling venous catheters offer significant
advantage in intravenous fluid therapy. Subcutaneous administration may
be used for isotonic and non-irritating solutions. The rate of administration should be considered with each
individual patient. The aim should be to correct about half of the
calculated deficit in the first 1–2 hours. As a general rule the
following formula is the maximum satisfactory rate (less where
cardiovascular or pulmonary disease exists). Maximum rate=Body wt (kg)×90=mls fluid per hour. This rate should be slowed after the first hour and
considerably slowed if no urine flow is established. Signs of over rapid
administration include restlessness, moist lung sounds, tachycardia,
tachypnoea, nasal discharge, coughing, vomiting and diarrhoea. Contra-indications, warnings, etc Contra-indications Sodium overload may occur in cases with myocardial and
renal damage. It should also be appreciated that in the period following
surgical interference and severe trauma there may be an inability to
excrete excessive sodium. Undesirable effects Hypernatraemia (sodium overload) or an inability to excrete excessive sodium. Thrombosis of a chosen vein is always a possibility with
intravenous infusion. If infusion is protracted then another vein should
be selected after 12-24 hours. Precautions For animal treatment only Aqupharm No. 3 is not suitable for protracted use unless
there is a heavy and continued loss of electrolytes. The difficulty
arises from a danger of potassium imbalance. In cases of potassium
deficiency the administration of normal saline will increase potassium
loss. Where such deficiency is known to occur it may be necessary to
give oral potassium supplements. Overdose Symptoms: Associated signs of hypernatraemia include
pronounced thirst, dry mucous membranes, constipation, hyperpyrexia, CNS
disturbances and ultimately convulsions. A plasma Na+ of > 150mEq/l
and a urins specific gravity of > 1.030 indicates a hypernatraemic
state. Treatment of overdosage: Injection of a diuretic. User Warning Wash hands after use. Pharmaceutical precautions Store below 25°C. Do not freeze. Store out of the reach of children. Before use the bag should be inspected and rejected if the
solution is not clear or if the inner container is damaged. This product
does not contain an antimicrobial preservative. For single use only,
any remaining solution should be discarded. Interactions with other medicines: Drugs should not be mixed in infusion containers or through
the giving sets unless the components are of known compatibility. The
user should refer to the manufacturer's literature for any drug
substance which he or she proposes to co-administer and also to the
Appendix of Drug Incompatibilities in the current edition of the
Veterinary Formulary. Major known incompatibilites include Ampicillin,
Benzylpenicillin sodium, Cloxacillin sodium, Heparin sodium,
Noradrenaline acid tartrate, Sulphadiazine sodium, Tetracyclines. Dispose of any unused product and empty containers in accordance with guidance from your local waste regulation authority. Further information In evaluating an animal for possible fluid therapy the
state of hydration, electrolyte balance, acid base balance, renal
function and caloric balance should be considered. Evaluation will be
based on history, physical examination and laboratory testing.
Below is the product datasheet. This has been provided by the manufacturer and should always be provided with the medication. Introduction
Company name: Animalcare Limited
Address: Common Road
Dunnington
York YO19 5RU
Telephone: 01904 487687
Fax: 01904 487611
Email: animalcare@animalcare.co.uk
Presentation
Aqupharm No. 11 is a sterile, preservative free solution for infusion presented in a flexible pouch containing:
Sodium chloride 0.6% w/v
Potassium chloride 0.04% w/v
Calcium chloride dihydrate 0.027% w/v
Sodium lactate 0.32% w/v
(containing equal proportions of D and L lactate isomers)
That is 131 millimoles of sodium, 5 millimoles of potassium, 2 millimoles of calcium, 111 millimoles of chloride and 29 millimoles of bicarbonate (as lactate) per litre.
Uses
To expand the extracellular fluid or to restore extracellular electrolytes:
Dogs and Cats
For the treatment of persistent diarrhoea and in pyometra when a profuse vaginal discharge is present. It will combat metabolic acidosis.
Cattle and Horses
For the treatment of hypovolaemia, and dehydration caused by diarrhoea in calves and gastro-intestinal disease in horses. To treat metabolic acidosis in horses and to aid in the treatment of metabolic acidosis in cattle.
Dosage and administration
Before use, the bag should be inspected and rejected if the solution is not clear or if the inner container is damaged.
Aqupharm No.11 should be prewarmed to body temperature to prevent hypothermia. Remove outer bag and protective giving set inlet tab. Push cannula fully into giving set. Prime giving set. Perform venepuncture and immediately attach giving set. Adjust infusion rate as required. Delivery is from a closed circuit, it does not need an air inlet. Giving sets should be changed every 24 hours.
The quantity of fluid and electrolyte for administration will consider existing deficits, maintenance needs and continuing losses. The existing deficit is that which has been lost prior to examination. This must be estimated by evaluating the patient’s history, making a physical examination and using laboratory aids. Maintenance therapy is to replace normal losses occurring via urine, faeces, respiratory tract and skin. As a general rule, maintenance therapy requires 50ml/Kg bodyweight/day. Continuing losses during a disease period should be estimated whenever possible, i.e., quantity of vomit, diarrhoea or blood loss. The clinical response of the animal rather than formulae or equations should be used to guide fluid therapy. Indwelling intravenous catheters offer significant advantages in intravenous fluid therapy.
The rate of administration should be considered with each individual patient. The aim should be to correct about half of the calculated deficit in the first 1-2 hours in dogs and cats. In larger animals, correcting this may require therapy over 4-8 hours to avoid exceeding maximum infusion rates.
As a general rule the following formula is the maximum satisfactory rate (less where cardiovascular or pulmonary disease exists).
Maximum rate=Body wt(kg)x90=ml fluid per hour
This rate should be slowed after the first hour and considerably slowed if no urine flow is established. Signs of over rapid administration include restlessness, moist lung sounds, tachycardia, tachypnoea, nasal discharge, coughing, vomiting and diarrhoea.
The above maximum rate of 90ml/ kg/hr was determined in dogs. Fluid rates in calves should not exceed 80ml/kg/hr. Maximum rates have not been established in cattle and horses although rates of 40ml/kg/hr have been found to be well tolerated.
Contra-indications, warnings, etc Contra-indications
Sodium overload may occur in cases with myocardial and renal damage. It should also be appreciated that in the period following surgical interference or severe trauma there may be an inability to excrete excessive sodium. Lactate solutions are to be avoided in liver dysfunction cases.
Undesirable effects
Hypernatraemia (sodium overload) or an inability to excrete excessive sodium.
Thrombosis of a chosen vein is always a possibility with intravenous infusion. If infusion is protracted then another vein should be selected after 12-24 hours.
Precautions
For animal treatment only.
Although Aqupharm No. 11 provides potassium chloride, this is only enough to maintain the potassium content of extracellular fluid and would be quite inadequate in those cases with severe potassium loss. Under these circumstances oral potassium supplements must be given. Lactate overdose in cases with heart disease may provoke arrhythmias and heart failure.
It should be noted that cattle have very low amounts of D-Lactate dehydrogenase resulting in a slower metabolism of the D-isomer of sodium lactate compared to the L-isomer. Since this product contains equal amounts of both isomers, this may result in a slower correction of acidosis in this species.
Overdose
Fluid volume overload may result in restlessness, coughing, moist respiratory sounds, tachycardia, nasal discharge, pulmonary oedema and compromised cardio-respiratory function. The signs may be of more sudden onset in neonates and care should be taken to avoid over infusion in this group as is the case with all crystalloid solutions.
Overdose of sodium containing solutions can potentially induce a hypernatraemia particularly in animals with renal disease. Associated signs of hypenatraemia include pronounced thirst, dry mucous membranes, constipation, hyperpyrexia, CNS disturbances, and ultimately convulsions. A hypernatraemic state is confirmed by plasma sodium levels above the reference range for the species.
Treatment of overdose
Injection of a diuretic
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Whilst there is no information available to suggest that this solution would not be safe for use in pregnancy or lactation, no specific safety studies have been performed and hence close veterinary supervision is recommended when using this product in these animals.
Withdrawal periods:
Cattle and horses: meat zero days
Cattle and horses: milk zero hours
Pharmaceutical precautions
Store below 25°C. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.
This product does not contain an antimicrobial preservative. For single use only; any remaining solution should be discarded.
Interactions with other medicines
Drugs should not be mixed in infusion containers or giving sets unless the components are of known compatibility. The user should refer to the manufacturer's literature for any drug substances which he or she proposes to co-administer, and also to the Appendix of Drug Incompatibilities in the current edition of the Veterinary Formulary.
Dispose of any unused product and empty containers in accordance with guidance from your local waste regulation authority.
Legal category
POM-V
Packaging Quantities
250ml, 500ml, 1000ml, 3000ml and 5000ml.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Further information
In evaluating an animal for possible fluid therapy the state of hydration, electrolyte balance, acid base balance, renal function and caloric balance should be considered. Evaluation will be based on history, physical examination and laboratory testing.
Marketing authorisation number
Vm 10347/4009.
Below is the product datasheet. This has been provided by the manufacturer and should always be provided with the medication. Introduction
Company name: Animalcare Limited
Address: Common Road
Dunnington
York YO19 5RU
Telephone: 01904 487687
Fax: 01904 487611
Email: animalcare@animalcare.co.uk
Presentation
Aqupharm No. 11 is a sterile, preservative free solution for infusion presented in a flexible pouch containing:
Sodium chloride 0.6% w/v
Potassium chloride 0.04% w/v
Calcium chloride dihydrate 0.027% w/v
Sodium lactate 0.32% w/v
(containing equal proportions of D and L lactate isomers)
That is 131 millimoles of sodium, 5 millimoles of potassium, 2 millimoles of calcium, 111 millimoles of chloride and 29 millimoles of bicarbonate (as lactate) per litre.
Uses
To expand the extracellular fluid or to restore extracellular electrolytes:
Dogs and Cats
For the treatment of persistent diarrhoea and in pyometra when a profuse vaginal discharge is present. It will combat metabolic acidosis.
Cattle and Horses
For the treatment of hypovolaemia, and dehydration caused by diarrhoea in calves and gastro-intestinal disease in horses. To treat metabolic acidosis in horses and to aid in the treatment of metabolic acidosis in cattle.
Dosage and administration
Before use, the bag should be inspected and rejected if the solution is not clear or if the inner container is damaged.
Aqupharm No.11 should be prewarmed to body temperature to prevent hypothermia. Remove outer bag and protective giving set inlet tab. Push cannula fully into giving set. Prime giving set. Perform venepuncture and immediately attach giving set. Adjust infusion rate as required. Delivery is from a closed circuit, it does not need an air inlet. Giving sets should be changed every 24 hours.
The quantity of fluid and electrolyte for administration will consider existing deficits, maintenance needs and continuing losses. The existing deficit is that which has been lost prior to examination. This must be estimated by evaluating the patient’s history, making a physical examination and using laboratory aids. Maintenance therapy is to replace normal losses occurring via urine, faeces, respiratory tract and skin. As a general rule, maintenance therapy requires 50ml/Kg bodyweight/day. Continuing losses during a disease period should be estimated whenever possible, i.e., quantity of vomit, diarrhoea or blood loss. The clinical response of the animal rather than formulae or equations should be used to guide fluid therapy. Indwelling intravenous catheters offer significant advantages in intravenous fluid therapy.
The rate of administration should be considered with each individual patient. The aim should be to correct about half of the calculated deficit in the first 1-2 hours in dogs and cats. In larger animals, correcting this may require therapy over 4-8 hours to avoid exceeding maximum infusion rates.
As a general rule the following formula is the maximum satisfactory rate (less where cardiovascular or pulmonary disease exists).
Maximum rate=Body wt(kg)x90=ml fluid per hour
This rate should be slowed after the first hour and considerably slowed if no urine flow is established. Signs of over rapid administration include restlessness, moist lung sounds, tachycardia, tachypnoea, nasal discharge, coughing, vomiting and diarrhoea.
The above maximum rate of 90ml/ kg/hr was determined in dogs. Fluid rates in calves should not exceed 80ml/kg/hr. Maximum rates have not been established in cattle and horses although rates of 40ml/kg/hr have been found to be well tolerated.
Contra-indications, warnings, etc Contra-indications
Sodium overload may occur in cases with myocardial and renal damage. It should also be appreciated that in the period following surgical interference or severe trauma there may be an inability to excrete excessive sodium. Lactate solutions are to be avoided in liver dysfunction cases.
Undesirable effects
Hypernatraemia (sodium overload) or an inability to excrete excessive sodium.
Thrombosis of a chosen vein is always a possibility with intravenous infusion. If infusion is protracted then another vein should be selected after 12-24 hours.
Precautions
For animal treatment only.
Although Aqupharm No. 11 provides potassium chloride, this is only enough to maintain the potassium content of extracellular fluid and would be quite inadequate in those cases with severe potassium loss. Under these circumstances oral potassium supplements must be given. Lactate overdose in cases with heart disease may provoke arrhythmias and heart failure.
It should be noted that cattle have very low amounts of D-Lactate dehydrogenase resulting in a slower metabolism of the D-isomer of sodium lactate compared to the L-isomer. Since this product contains equal amounts of both isomers, this may result in a slower correction of acidosis in this species.
Overdose
Fluid volume overload may result in restlessness, coughing, moist respiratory sounds, tachycardia, nasal discharge, pulmonary oedema and compromised cardio-respiratory function. The signs may be of more sudden onset in neonates and care should be taken to avoid over infusion in this group as is the case with all crystalloid solutions.
Overdose of sodium containing solutions can potentially induce a hypernatraemia particularly in animals with renal disease. Associated signs of hypenatraemia include pronounced thirst, dry mucous membranes, constipation, hyperpyrexia, CNS disturbances, and ultimately convulsions. A hypernatraemic state is confirmed by plasma sodium levels above the reference range for the species.
Treatment of overdose
Injection of a diuretic
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Whilst there is no information available to suggest that this solution would not be safe for use in pregnancy or lactation, no specific safety studies have been performed and hence close veterinary supervision is recommended when using this product in these animals.
Withdrawal periods:
Cattle and horses: meat zero days
Cattle and horses: milk zero hours
Pharmaceutical precautions
Store below 25°C. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.
This product does not contain an antimicrobial preservative. For single use only; any remaining solution should be discarded.
Interactions with other medicines
Drugs should not be mixed in infusion containers or giving sets unless the components are of known compatibility. The user should refer to the manufacturer's literature for any drug substances which he or she proposes to co-administer, and also to the Appendix of Drug Incompatibilities in the current edition of the Veterinary Formulary.
Dispose of any unused product and empty containers in accordance with guidance from your local waste regulation authority.
Legal category
POM-V
Packaging Quantities
250ml, 500ml, 1000ml, 3000ml and 5000ml.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Further information
In evaluating an animal for possible fluid therapy the state of hydration, electrolyte balance, acid base balance, renal function and caloric balance should be considered. Evaluation will be based on history, physical examination and laboratory testing.
Marketing authorisation number
Vm 10347/4009.
Below is the product datasheet. This has been provided by the manufacturer and should always be provided with the medication. Introduction
Company name: Animalcare Limited
Address: Common Road
Dunnington
York YO19 5RU
Telephone: 01904 487687
Fax: 01904 487611
Email: animalcare@animalcare.co.uk
Presentation
Aqupharm No. 11 is a sterile, preservative free solution for infusion presented in a flexible pouch containing:
Sodium chloride 0.6% w/v
Potassium chloride 0.04% w/v
Calcium chloride dihydrate 0.027% w/v
Sodium lactate 0.32% w/v
(containing equal proportions of D and L lactate isomers)
That is 131 millimoles of sodium, 5 millimoles of potassium, 2 millimoles of calcium, 111 millimoles of chloride and 29 millimoles of bicarbonate (as lactate) per litre.
Uses
To expand the extracellular fluid or to restore extracellular electrolytes:
Dogs and Cats
For the treatment of persistent diarrhoea and in pyometra when a profuse vaginal discharge is present. It will combat metabolic acidosis.
Cattle and Horses
For the treatment of hypovolaemia, and dehydration caused by diarrhoea in calves and gastro-intestinal disease in horses. To treat metabolic acidosis in horses and to aid in the treatment of metabolic acidosis in cattle.
Dosage and administration
Before use, the bag should be inspected and rejected if the solution is not clear or if the inner container is damaged.
Aqupharm No.11 should be prewarmed to body temperature to prevent hypothermia. Remove outer bag and protective giving set inlet tab. Push cannula fully into giving set. Prime giving set. Perform venepuncture and immediately attach giving set. Adjust infusion rate as required. Delivery is from a closed circuit, it does not need an air inlet. Giving sets should be changed every 24 hours.
The quantity of fluid and electrolyte for administration will consider existing deficits, maintenance needs and continuing losses. The existing deficit is that which has been lost prior to examination. This must be estimated by evaluating the patient’s history, making a physical examination and using laboratory aids. Maintenance therapy is to replace normal losses occurring via urine, faeces, respiratory tract and skin. As a general rule, maintenance therapy requires 50ml/Kg bodyweight/day. Continuing losses during a disease period should be estimated whenever possible, i.e., quantity of vomit, diarrhoea or blood loss. The clinical response of the animal rather than formulae or equations should be used to guide fluid therapy. Indwelling intravenous catheters offer significant advantages in intravenous fluid therapy.
The rate of administration should be considered with each individual patient. The aim should be to correct about half of the calculated deficit in the first 1-2 hours in dogs and cats. In larger animals, correcting this may require therapy over 4-8 hours to avoid exceeding maximum infusion rates.
As a general rule the following formula is the maximum satisfactory rate (less where cardiovascular or pulmonary disease exists).
Maximum rate=Body wt(kg)x90=ml fluid per hour
This rate should be slowed after the first hour and considerably slowed if no urine flow is established. Signs of over rapid administration include restlessness, moist lung sounds, tachycardia, tachypnoea, nasal discharge, coughing, vomiting and diarrhoea.
The above maximum rate of 90ml/ kg/hr was determined in dogs. Fluid rates in calves should not exceed 80ml/kg/hr. Maximum rates have not been established in cattle and horses although rates of 40ml/kg/hr have been found to be well tolerated.
Contra-indications, warnings, etc Contra-indications
Sodium overload may occur in cases with myocardial and renal damage. It should also be appreciated that in the period following surgical interference or severe trauma there may be an inability to excrete excessive sodium. Lactate solutions are to be avoided in liver dysfunction cases.
Undesirable effects
Hypernatraemia (sodium overload) or an inability to excrete excessive sodium.
Thrombosis of a chosen vein is always a possibility with intravenous infusion. If infusion is protracted then another vein should be selected after 12-24 hours.
Precautions
For animal treatment only.
Although Aqupharm No. 11 provides potassium chloride, this is only enough to maintain the potassium content of extracellular fluid and would be quite inadequate in those cases with severe potassium loss. Under these circumstances oral potassium supplements must be given. Lactate overdose in cases with heart disease may provoke arrhythmias and heart failure.
It should be noted that cattle have very low amounts of D-Lactate dehydrogenase resulting in a slower metabolism of the D-isomer of sodium lactate compared to the L-isomer. Since this product contains equal amounts of both isomers, this may result in a slower correction of acidosis in this species.
Overdose
Fluid volume overload may result in restlessness, coughing, moist respiratory sounds, tachycardia, nasal discharge, pulmonary oedema and compromised cardio-respiratory function. The signs may be of more sudden onset in neonates and care should be taken to avoid over infusion in this group as is the case with all crystalloid solutions.
Overdose of sodium containing solutions can potentially induce a hypernatraemia particularly in animals with renal disease. Associated signs of hypenatraemia include pronounced thirst, dry mucous membranes, constipation, hyperpyrexia, CNS disturbances, and ultimately convulsions. A hypernatraemic state is confirmed by plasma sodium levels above the reference range for the species.
Treatment of overdose
Injection of a diuretic
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Whilst there is no information available to suggest that this solution would not be safe for use in pregnancy or lactation, no specific safety studies have been performed and hence close veterinary supervision is recommended when using this product in these animals.
Withdrawal periods:
Cattle and horses: meat zero days
Cattle and horses: milk zero hours
Pharmaceutical precautions
Store below 25°C. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.
This product does not contain an antimicrobial preservative. For single use only; any remaining solution should be discarded.
Interactions with other medicines
Drugs should not be mixed in infusion containers or giving sets unless the components are of known compatibility. The user should refer to the manufacturer's literature for any drug substances which he or she proposes to co-administer, and also to the Appendix of Drug Incompatibilities in the current edition of the Veterinary Formulary.
Dispose of any unused product and empty containers in accordance with guidance from your local waste regulation authority.
Legal category
POM-V
Packaging Quantities
250ml, 500ml, 1000ml, 3000ml and 5000ml.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Further information
In evaluating an animal for possible fluid therapy the state of hydration, electrolyte balance, acid base balance, renal function and caloric balance should be considered. Evaluation will be based on history, physical examination and laboratory testing.
Marketing authorisation number
Vm 10347/4009.
Isotonic sterile solution for intravenous or other internal uses. |
